Taking A Lot Out Of College Students - 969 Words

Having pressures in today’s world is not an uncommon occurrence that can take a lot out of college students. These things continue to affect students in this day and world of today because of how common and easy it is to happen such as wanting to achieve a higher GPA, make our parents proud, and trying to make the payments needed. There are many different scenarios in which they can feel burdened by things happening related to their education but they all fall into one of the four categories beginning with peer pressure, parental pressure, economic pressure, and self-induced pressure. There are many different reasons why an individual would suddenly begin to feel worried and become burdened by their education. Some may be about how their peers appear to be excelling in their courses while they themselves are doing rather poorly which causes them to overwork themselves to achieve higher success however leaving them tired and weary though their peers are thinking the same idea about one another as Zinsser states â€Å"I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,† one dean told me, â€Å"who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I couldn’t tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda† (Zinsser 454). Parent’s pressuring their offspring into a career that they do not enjoy is one of the few pressures that many college students still continue to face throughout theirShow MoreRelatedThe Gap Year1052 Words   |  5 Pagesfor college? A way to relieve stress could be to take a gap year. The life of the average senior consist of planning for college, by taking a year off you can manage and make money, relieve some stress and it gives you the opportunity to travel before settling down before college. This is not uncommon to a lot of senior graduates. They see it as a way to relax and mentally prepare themselves for the future. The Gap Year is a year that high school graduates take off before beginning college. TheRead MoreResearched Argumentative Paper680 Words   |  3 PagesTaking a Gap Year Many students rush to college right after high school because that is what most students do these days. Taking a year or two off between high school and college can be more beneficial than most parents may think. It is also referred to as a gap year. Instead of pushing your children into going to college right after high school, more parents need to encourage their children to take a break from school to give them time to become more mature and also time to focus on what theyRead MoreA Break for School Is Not a Good Idea1607 Words   |  7 Pagesover, that is the time students need to decide if they are going to start college right away or wait a year or two. Whichever choice they choose will affect their future. Students should not put off their education for a long period of time. This will only hurt the students because they will start to forget things they had learned in high school. If they wait to go to school, it could also put a delay on their career. Then when they do w ant to go to start going back to college to get a degree, itRead MoreStandardized Testing : Standardized Tests1186 Words   |  5 PagesStandardized testing is known to improve students’ education, but is it really needed in school? Standardized testing determines whether a student is prepared for the next grade based on their test scores. While some students do great on their test others struggle a lot. Not all students are good test takers; majority of the students do good in school but struggle when it comes down to testing. While many agree that standardized testing helps improve students education, it shouldn’t be necessary inRead MoreHow Can We Study Related Stress For College Students?1251 Words   |  6 PagesHow to manage study related stress for college students Is it the truth that every college student lives an easy life? Most parents usually encourage their high school children to get a higher grade for their applications to universities by telling them how interesting and relaxing life will be in college. Yet, according to a survey from The Jed Foundation which taking care of mental health for college students, over eighty-five percentages of university students feel very stressful to finish theirRead MoreLifetime of Student Debt Essay649 Words   |  3 Pages201 April 23, 2013 The Shackles of Student Debt? In this article, â€Å"A Lifetime of Student Debt,† Robin Wilson interprets the different views on taking out loans for college students. The recent worry has been that taking out student loans are â€Å"threatening the financial future of today’s college students† (Wilson 256). However, recent studies has shown that one-third of college students will have no debt after their academic experience. College student nowadays are willing to take any means necessaryRead MoreTaking a Gap Year1233 Words   |  5 Pagesstress of college and future plans, but seniors graduating high school have the advantage to live this life if they want. High school seniors have many decsions to make before they graduate. They have to decide if they are going to college, what college they are going to, what career they may want to pursue, how to pay for everything ahead of them, and many more. Sometimes this will get too overwhelming for them and cause them to not want to go to college right away. They plan on going to college afterRead MoreDreams Vs Reality Essay : Dreams And Reality901 Words   |  4 Pageslives and college gets even better. So with that idea in people’s heads, they come up with their ideal image of the college. They start planning the perfect scenario of what college they will go to and what their roommate will be like. They often try to compare an unrealistic image and turn it into a realistic image, but they are unlike in many ways. Once students step onto the college campus, they will soon face what it is actually like to be in college.When people understand that college is not theRead MoreThe Value Of A Degree948 Words   |  4 Pagesthat in most cases the value of a degree does not out weight the amount of money that students spend on to get there chosen degree. Students think that if they go to college and get a degree once they graduate they will be able to find a good paying job more easily. Megan McArdle author of â€Å"The College Bubble† Newsweek states that, â€Å"Effectively, we’ve treated the average wage premium as if it were a guarantee—and then we’ve encouraged college students to borrow against it† (McArdle 25). It is theRead MoreEssay On Organizing Classes1121 Words   |  5 Pages Not all the courses that you choose in your college count towards your degree program. You are expected to take some courses that are outside the curriculum. The question then arises as to why take the courses when it has nothing to do with the major? Is it worthy? If it is, when will it come in use? If not, why are students wasting their time on such subjects? Why are they not spending this time better elsewhere? Generally, people think that taking courses outside the curriculum is pointless and

The Argument for Shakespeare Being the Real Author

Ever since the authors background has been questioned, scholars and other people have debated over who wrote the famous plays and sonnets that have the name William Shakespeare signed on them. Many alternative candidates have been presented, such as Edward de Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford. However, these people do not have strong or valid arguments to support their theories. Based on biographical evidence, Shakespeare, not Edward de Vere, most likely wrote Shakespearean works. The arguments for other candidates like de Vere are not strong enough to show that Shakespeare did not write Shakespearean works. The argument for Edward de Vere does sound plausible at first. Many connections have been made to Oxfords life and Hamlet (Bethell).†¦show more content†¦McCrea even mentions that the difference in French is very visible when comparing â€Å"the studied, high-school French of Henry V to the assured expression of Oxfords 1563 letter†. Oxfords supposed motive does not h elp him, either. It is noted that Oxford did write under his name, and â€Å"he is the acknowledged author of sixteen poems and the probable author of four more† (Edmondson 42-43). Not only that, but Oxford also has been praised for writing comedies. One of these people is Francis Mere, who wrote: ...so the best for Comedy amongst vs bee, Edward Earle of Oxforde, Doctor Gager of Oxforde, Maister Rowley once a rare Scholler of learned Pembrooke Hall in Cambridge, Maister Edwardes one of the her Maiesties Chappell, eloquent and wittie Iohn LIlly, Lodge, Gascoyne, Greene, Shakespeare, Thomas Nash, Thomas Heywood, Anthony Mundye our best plotter, Chapman, Porter, Wilson, Hathway, and Henry Chettle. (qtd. in Edmondson 43) Notice how not only Oxford is praised, but Shakespeare is highly praised, too. There would be no reason for Oxford to not get credit for highly praised works if he is not hiding the fact that he writes in the first place. Despite the weakness of their argument, Oxfordians claim that Shakespeares background makes Shakespeare less likely to have written Shakespearean works. â€Å"Shakespeare† Identified in Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford by J. Thomas LooneyShow MoreRelatedThe Greatest Pieces Of English Literature972 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare has written some of the greatest pieces of English literature but some doubt he is the one responsible for it. There are some scholars who believe the conspiracy that Shakespeare did not write the work attributed to him and the true author is someone else, due to the anti-stratfordians who propose theories of who could be the real author, this once small talk has turn into a well- known conspiracy theory, although little to none evidence is all we have on a man named William ShakespeareRead MoreEssay on The Authorship of Shakespeare1647 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare was a playwright from Stratford who had arguably the most influential affect on English literature and the English language. His works are still praised to this day for their divine superiority, however, controversy in exceeding amounts has risen over the dispute of his authorship. This controversy has been the topic of many arguments between differently opinionated scholars who support opposing theories and beliefs (Friedman XV). A difficult dilemma confronts biographers who tellRead MoreEssay On Colonialism In The Tempest1624 Words   |  7 PagesAs Shakespeare’s final play, The Tempest, holds phenomenal value. In his writing, Shakespeare often included contemporary issues of his time. In Hamlet, for example, the idea of a King dying was an important notion. This was drawn from the belief that a King got his authority fr om God, so if he died nature would become unbalanced and disturbed. In The Tempest, he included his supportive views of colonialism into his writing. Centuries later, Aimà © Cà ©saire made an adaptation of Shakespeare’s The TempestRead MoreShakespeare s Influence Of Writing954 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s staged life, a period in which his life is well known for, is what society knows him as today. The name Shakespeare today means English poet, actor, and play write. Shakespeare is regarded and considered by some the greatest writer in the English language. Being England’s nation poet he constructed 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and other verses. His plays and works have influenced today’s theatres. Shakespeare’s intellect had nothing to do with facts but with ambition, intrigue, love, andRead More Authorship debate Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s works being just that is a notion most accept; however, there has been a lot of evidence and arguments by historians, who opt to challenge this notion, arguing that Shakespeare was the pen name of Edward de Vere, the Earl of Oxford had to conceal his authorship for social and political reasons. After careful examination of historian’s evidence this theory doesn’t measure up and it was indeed Shakespeare, who was the genuine author. The world has come to accept that William Shakespeare was bornRead MoreThe Main Beneficiary In Shakespeare’S Will Was Susanna,1256 Words   |  6 Pagesstrained father-daughter relationships. From this it is easy to gather that Shakespeare adored Susanna and loved her dearly. Had he not adored her, she more than likely would not have been mentioned in his will as often as she was and he would not have written plays based on her. William Shakespeare is credited with writing several plays throughout his lifetime. Some are certainly more well known than others. Shakespeare wrote comedies such as Tempest, Twelfth Night, and Midsummer Night’s Dream.Read MoreEssay on Did William Shakespeare Write the Plays and Sonnets or Not?1488 Words   |  6 PagesIt disputes whether Shakespeare himself wrote the plays and sonnets or if it was someone else writing under a pseudonym. There are countless theories of who the writer might actually be but the main suspects are Shakespeare himself, Edward de Vere, Sir Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, William Stanley, Roger Manners, Sir Walter Raleigh and Mary Sidney Herbert (Pressley). The first to be presumed the writer is Shakespeare himself. Many theorists believe it wasn’t Shakespeare due to the fact thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Sonnet 7 ( `` Lo, The Orient, When The Gracious Light ``1460 Words   |  6 Pages In Sonnet 7 (â€Å"Lo, in the orient, when the gracious light..†), one out of the 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet, William Shakespeare, focuses on the burden of beauty and how human life can be compared to the passage of the sun rising and setting. Throughout the whole poem, the advice is given to the young man, to follow the sun and its direction. This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter, consists of three quatrains and ends with a couplet while following the rhyme scheme:Read MoreA Comparison between Shakespeares Agincourt Speech and Wilfred Owens Dulce Et Decorum Est1347 Words   |  6 Pagesat the time that they were written and how the author shows there own attitude and beliefs towards war (The Myth of War). Furthermore the essay will conclude by contextualising the language and structure of each poem, by showing how the authors create an impact upon the reader and by noting the differences or the similarities between the poems as well as the writers themselves. Owens poem was purely based on being an informative piece of writing whether ShakespearesRead More The Character of Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay1620 Words   |  7 Pageshas nothing to do with Iagos actions.      Othellos color had no connotations of the enslavable inferiority.   There were many great Negroes in those days like that Antonio de Vunth, who was King of Congos ambassador to the Holy See.(Shakespeare, pp.200)      Ã‚  Ã‚   There may have been many great Negroes around in those days but there were none in Venice.   Othello was the only member of his race in Venice.   Many of the people who lived in Venice had never seen a Moor.   To the people

A Protest That Changed Amrerica Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Protest That Changed Amrerica. Answer: Introduction: The American Civil Rights movement is regarded as one of the most iconic social movements of the 20th century. It was a popular mass movement to secure equal rights and opportunities for the African Americans for basic privileges and rights of US citizenship. The movement had gathered fuel in the 1950 and 60s. White men and women along with the African Americans had joined hands to fight for the common cause of this just cause. It took the bravery of leaders like Dr. Martin Luther king Jr, John F. Kennedy and of women like Rosa Parks and the coming together of an entire nation which led to the success of this large movement. They had resorted to civil means of pursuing their objectives. It included negotiations, petitions and non-violent protest demonstrations. . It led to the occurrence of one of the largest protest march, the March to Washington for jobs and freedom. The movement had a major impact in US history. It led to the end of the prevalent de jure segregation (separation en forced by law). Some prime examples are right to register to vote and then actually vote as well as right of using public accommodation like bathroom, bus stations, publically funded schools and colleges. The movement had also influenced the modern womens right movement, the students movement of the 1960s, the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Most importantly, the biggest accomplishment of this movement was the change it brought to the lives of more than 5.5 million African Americans of the USA. This essay tends to review the various aspects of this change which was brought in due to the historical Civil Rights Movement. Initial discontent behind the movement: The discontentment which set forth this historic movement had a troubled history behind it. Slavery and racial discrimination were pivotal aspects which had led to this discontent. The abolition of slavery happened only after the passage of the thirteenth amendment and after the American civil war, but the newly freed colored people lacked education, property and voting rights specifically down south, where slavery was rampant. To promote black integration into the mainstream white society, federal and state governments enacted various reforms between 1867 and 1875, but it failed to achieve its basic aims. The white hegemony in south and their contempt was evident in their actions to stop colored people from entering their society through continuous harassment and intimidation. Various racist clans such as the Ku Klux Klan even used extreme measures such as lynching and other violent methods to prevent colored folks to stand for their basic rights. The supreme courts separate but equ al standpoint had given the white people more power to inflict pain to the colored people in their exercise of the most basic rights of citizenship. The deadly Jim Crow law came into the effect because of this white monopoly which caused parks, drinking fountains, cars, theatres, restaurants and other public places from black folks. To answer Jim Crow, among the civil rights activist, the highly intellectual W.E.B. Du Bois, demanded blacks to fight for their rights. He laid the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), a civil rights organization that gathered together lawyers, educators, and activists to unite in their fight for civil rights. Through importune, demonstration, and legal action, the NAACP started a steadfast campaign to end segregation in housing, education, and other public life amenities. During the World War I, racial problems continued against Afro-American soldiers, despite their readiness to sacrifice their lives. Thes e events, together with the growth of the atrocities, resulted in an increase of protest from black communities that brought Jim Crow under intense national scrutiny. This Movement gathered further pace and recognition with the two significant events which occurred in the 1950s. The first one is the ruling of the Supreme court in the Brown vs. Board of education case that segregation in schools and educational institutes was unconstitutional as this has hazardous impacts on the psychology and the learning of black kids who used to attend those schools along with their white counter parts,. Many school officials acted adamant and refused to abide by the ruling although, this ruling had created a spark. Secondly, another incident created a nationwide buzz regarding the black apathy, where Rosa parks, a seamstress had created a revolution. She had boarded a bus along with other members of the NAACP on December, 1, 1955. She along with the others had occupied the so called negro seats i n the back of the bus and she specifically, had not vacated her seat for a white passenger, as was the accepted norm because they were racially backward (Alderman et al., 2013). Her defiance and tenacity had set an exemplary behavior across the nation. Gradually, these incidents led to the widespread discontent and thus the birth of a historic movement began. Objectives and goals: The objectives and goals of the Civil Rights movement are varied in nature but were united in bringing a social equality amongst the white and color folks of the United States of America. Some of their prominent objectives were to put an end of segregation for colored people, De-segregation of schools and other public utility services, equal and fair voting rights, right to purchase property just like any other white folk, fair access to jobs and other opportunities in general. Key figures: Some prominent figures of this movement were Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, President John f. Kennedy. Their roles have been discussed below: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr- King was a pioneer of the Civil Rights movement. He was a clergyman who rose to prominence during the 1950s, when he voiced his anger in protest of the arrest of Rosa Parks, who had deliberately refused to sacrifice her seat in a bus for a fellow white passenger. He used his famous tactics of putting forth his views and methods inspired by Gandhis non violence doctrine. It was due to his painstakingly efforts that led to the establishment of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). In 1955, he was also instrumental in the Montgomery Bus Boycott which had led to the Supreme Court ruling of abolishing of segregation in public transport. He was greatly impressed by the ideals of non violence of Mahatma Gandhi and had used it to fuel the movement (Garrow, 2015). Today Afro-Americans owe a great debt of their freedom to Dr. King. Malcolm X- Malcolm X was a key figure in the Civil Rights Movement of the United Sates. He was a great speaker and influential motivator and the nation of Islam. He believed in the usage of aggressive as well as violent means to fight for the rights of the colored people across the America. He was exactly the flip side of the way of working of Kings methods of non violence. Those people who never favored Kings methodologies used to work under Malcolms aggressive methodologies. Eventually he was assassinated after he fell through with the Nation of Islam. John F. Kennedy- President Kennedy initially was not very much involved with this movement because of the fear of losing his present and prospective voters. Nevertheless, he did plant the seeds of the Civil Rights Act 1964. After the riots of Birmingham, which had happened as a mark of protest of the bombings to kill four innocent little colored girls in Birmingham, President Kennedy had decided to fight for this movement irrespective of the results of the next elections and the fear of losing of his vote bank (Austin, 2013). He also had supported the historic march towards Washington on 28th August, 1963 in support of jobs and freedom. Alas its a shame; he never remained alive to see the fulfillment of the full fledged freedom of the Afro- Americans of his country, as he was shortly assassinated after a few months. Achievement of the objectives: The objectives of the movement were achieved after a serious of sacrifice, strategies, petitions, prayers, marches, protests and other non violent methodologies. There were various events which led to the success of this historic movement and these events showcase how the fight of the innocent souls was fought. The formation of the NAACP had laid the initial foundation of this movement. It was formed by various sections of the Black leaders, politicians, lawyers and experts of other fields in defiance to the deplorable state of the colored people across the United States. W.E.B Du Bois, Ida b. wells, Archibald Grimke were the founders of this organization in response to the atrocious crimes and laws like Jim Crow which were happening across the Southern US. The win over the Brown vs. Board of Education case of 1954 was a significant achievement of this organization which led to de segregation of schools for colored children. Secondly, the bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama was one of the most important events of the movement, which had happened in protest of the arrest of Rosa Parks, who had refused to give up her seat for a fellow white passenger and was arrested. The boycott had limited success, however it was successful in showcasing what could be achieved by way of peaceful and non viol ent means of protest. The sit in campaign was another milestone. On 1st, February, 1960, four black students had visited an only whites restaurant and had ordered food, but were not entertained by the waiters; in response the students remained seated until closing. This incident highlighted the racial attitudes of the Sothern folks, garnered a lot of nationwide publicity and by the summer of 1960, many food counters had been de-segregated. The Selma March was another significant event of this movement which was aimed at vouching for the constitutional right to vote for the black community. It is regarded as a bloody Sunday because of the kind of atrocities the meted out to the assembled crowd. The use of water cannons, fire hoses, tear gas and police dogs on innocent black men and women were telecasted to the entire world which had shocked humanity to the core. Along with this, the historic march to Washington in support of jobs and freedom was another milestone of this movement. Th e gathering of 250,000 in August 1963 in defiance of lack of freedom and job was historic in nature (King, 2016). The crowd gathered had felt a sense of relief, importance and finality that victory was inevitable. They felt reinvigorated, recommitted and confident after the trials and tribulations which had troubled the colored folks for more than centuries. The speeches of John Lewis, Walter Reuther and specially Dr. Kings the famous I have a dream speech, had fulfilled the crowd with a sense of purpose and importance. A sense of finality surfaced when Dr. King said, that this is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism and the whole crowd had erupted in a sea of joy. All the above events had a prominent role to play in this arena of civil rights for the colored people of the United States. Consequently, in 1965, the Voting Rights Act was finally passed, which was successful in removing most of the prominent barriers to registration. By the close of the year, over 250,000 Afro-Americans were registered as legal colored voters for the first time in the history of the United States of America (Kakutani, 2013). This had officially marked the end of the American Civil rights Movement. Legacy of the movement: The movement was successful in establishing a legacy of its own in many aspects, not only in the form of the tangible laws and changes but also a sense of freedom with a new dawn was ushered by the united people of the United States of America. Today most of the members of the black community are allowed to go to schools, colleges, public places, and the era of racial tension is almost over but the total eradication of this disease has yet not taken place (Russell, 2013). No other community has suffered because of racial discrimination than the black community of this nation. Recent killings and violence subjected to the black school and college goers by the cops show a different picture. According to Legendary basketball player, LeBron James, racism has no religion and it targets every black person from the prince to the pauper. He recently said to the media that, No matter how much money you have, no matter how famous you are, no matter how many people admire you, being black in Am erica - it's tough ("LeBron James: Racism is 'part of America'", 2018). He has recently been a victim of racism when his house was attacked in broad day light in the United States. Although, the impact and the legacy of the brave men like Dr. King, Rosa Parks cannot be tarnished but racism is still present in some of the prominent pockets of the United States. Analysis of the movement and inspirations: If we carefully analyze, the movement, we shall see that at the core of the movement, it was the principles of non violence of Dr. King which was able to bring a growth of conscience in this war of putting an end to racial discrimination. His ideals and involvement were one of the most significant aspects of the success of this movement. Dr. King was a devout servant of the non violence. He was greatly influenced by the ideals of non violence preached by the great Indian freedom fighter, Mahatma Gandhi. When we delve deeper into this scenario, it can be seen that Dr. Kings methodologies had a positive impact on the movement. Most significantly his famous speech, I have a dream had cemented his legacy as a leader of peace non violence. One of the famous excerpts of the iconic speech which resounded with the black community was, I have a dream that one day my four little children will live in a country where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of thei r character (King, 2017).The boycott of the bus, the sit in campaigns, the infinite peaceful marches in that time period in defiance of black atrocity had an important non violent connection underlying each of them. Perhaps it can be argued that King was accepted dearly by the Whites because of his peaceful protest methods more than the methodologies of Malcolm X and his Nation of Islam (Kimmel, 2017). Moreover, Malcolm X was sentenced to prison for burglary when he was just twenty one years old, and there in the prison, he had encountered the teachings of Elijah Muhammad, founder of the Nation of Islam. He was impressed upon by his teachings of white people being devil and a black person could not live with them. These assertive teachings had a profound role to play in the ideologies and working of Malcolm X. Here the non violent teachings and methods of Martin Luther King were gleefully accepted by both the black and white folks of the United States. When seen critically, the peac eful and disciplined side of the black community was exposed in these tested hours. The entire world bears testimony to this fact that the black folks were kind, sympathetic, disciplined, united and were genuine peace lovers who have been constantly tagged as the violent creators by the whites since time immemorial (Silva, 2015). It was because of the major role played by King and his scions that the peaceful protests of Selma to Montgomery and the march to Lincoln Memorial to Washington had happened in such a peaceful way. It was pretty evident that specially in the Selma movement that the ruckus and the violence in the form of tear gas and attack dogs were being created by the oppressors and not by the oppressed which mainly consisted of black people mostly old and young men and women in defiance of racism (Bonilla Rosa, 2015). Views about Americans: A recent poll was conducted by telephone among a random sample of 1207 adults nationwide across the United States, on behalf of CBS news by SSRS Media, P.A("Have the goals of the civil rights movement have been achieved?", 2018). A number of significant facts were brought into the limelight because of this poll survey. It had aimed at evaluation of the prevalence of the civil rights movement on the modern United States of today. The interaction between black and whites had seen astonishing results, only eight in ten whites have close black friends, whereas, blacks themselves are more likely to have more number of white close friends. In the terms of the progress since the movement took place, three in four Americans believe theres been real progress since the 1960s in the context of racial discrimination (Woodson, 2017). There are stark differences and beliefs by race. Nearly three in four whites think blacks and whites are treated in a similar way, when it comes to voting, while 57 percent of blacks have more trouble voting than their white counterparts. These can tell a lot about the Americans about their mindset regarding racism. Stains of racism can still be found in American heartland, although in a subdued way due to advancement and globalization (Harris, 2015). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the heroic achievements of Stalwarts like Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King and countless others were instrumental in the civil rights movement of the 1960s. It is largely due to them that the black community of United States are living and breathing in an air of freedom and democracy. The sit in campaigns, bombings of the four innocent girls, Rosa Parks staunch defiance of refusing to sacrifice her bus seat, March to Selma and the March to Washington for jobs and freedom, all of them had equal and important role to play in the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. However it is a shame that still today, diseases like racism is still marginally present in the United States. The dream of Dr. King is yet to be completely fulfilled. Inequality still remains. The average income of colored folks is still well below that of their white counterparts. Even today college-educated colored people earn less than their white co unterparts. The complete eradication of Racism is yet to be done and the dream is yet to be achieved. References: Alderman, D. H., Kingsbury, P., Dwyer, O. J. (2013). Reexamining the Montgomery bus boycott: Toward an empathetic pedagogy of the civil rights movement.The Professional Geographer,65(1), 171-186. Andrews, K. T., Gaby, S. (2015, June). Local protest and federal policy: The impact of the Civil Rights Movement on the 1964 Civil Rights Act. InSociological Forum(Vol. 30, No. S1, pp. 509-527). Austin, A. (2013). the unfinished march.Washington DC: Economic Policy Institute. Bonilla, Y., Rosa, J. (2015). # Ferguson: Digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the United States.American Ethnologist,42(1), 4-17. Coburn, C. (2015). The Selma Effect: Catholic Nuns and Social Justice 50 Years On.Global Sisters Report. Retrieved November,11, 2016. Foner, E. (2013).Give Me Liberty! An American History: Seagull Fourth Edition(Vol. 1). WW Norton Company. Garrow, D. J. (2015).Bearing the cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the southern Christian leadership conference. Open Road Media. Harris, F. C. (2015). The next civil rights movement?.Dissent,62(3), 34-40. Have the goals of the civil rights movement have been achieved?. (2018).Cbsnews.com. Retrieved 10 March 2018, from https://www.cbsnews.com/news/have-the-goals-of-the-civil-rights-movement-have-been-achieved/ Kakutani, M. (2013). The lasting power of Dr. Kings Dream speech.The New York Times. Kimmel, M. (2017).Manhood in America. Oxford University Press. King Jr, M. L. (2017).The measure of a man. Pickle Partners Publishing. King, M. L. (2016).The Radical King(Vol. 11). Beacon Press. LeBron James: Racism is 'part of America'. (2018).Aljazeera.com. Retrieved 10 March 2018, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/06/lebron-james-racism-part-america-170601043912734.html Rugh, J. S., Massey, D. S. (2014). Segregation in post-civil rights America: Stalled integration or end of the segregated century?.Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race,11(2), 205-232. Russell, K. M., Lamme, M. O. (2013). Public relations and business responses to the civil rights movement.Public Relations Review,39(1), 63-73. Silva, C. (2015). LAURYN HILL. Tindall, G. B., Shi, D. E. (2016).America: A narrative history. WW Norton Company. Woodson, A. N. (2017). There Aint No White People Here Master Narratives of the Civil Rights Movement in the Stories of Urban Youth.Urban Education,52(3), 316-342.

Superoutbreak of 1974 Essay Example For Students

Superoutbreak of 1974 Essay According to Websters Dictionary, a tornado is a rotating column of air accompanied by a funnel shaped downward extension of a cumulonimbus cloud and having a vortex several hundred yards in diameter whirling destructively at speeds of up to three hundred miles per hour. There are six classifications of tornadoes, which are measured on what is known as the Fujita Scale. These tornadoes range from an F0 to an F5, which is the most devastating of all. Abnormal warm, humid, and oppressive weather usually precede the formation of a tornado. Records of American tornadoes date back to 1804 and have been known to occur in every state of the United States. A tornado outbreak occurs when a large number (six or more) of tornadoes are formed in groups or individual storms within a 24-48-hour period over a specific geographical area and spawned from the same general weather system. The April 3-4 outbreak of 1974 was the worst in the United States recorded history. Never before had so many tornad oes brought so much destruction to such a wide area of this country. It was so bad that a name had to be found for it. Super Outbreak is what they came up with. This storm, which extended from the afternoon of April 3rd through the morning of April 4th, produced 148 tornadoes in thirteen states. Xenia, Ohio was home to the worst damage caused by the tornado outbreak of 1974. As school children in Xenia, Ohio waited for their ride home and workers watched the clock tick slowly towards quitting time, a monstrous tornado whipped wildly towards their small town. In just minutes, the small peaceful city of Xenia became ground zero for the nations worst tornado outbreak. The tornado, an F5, was among the strongest ever witnessed, with winds estimated between 261 and 318 mph. It sped furiously across town at a speed of about 52 mph. frantic residents scrambled for cover as the twisters shrieking winds slammed the historic Xenia Hotel. The tornado showed no mercy yanking thick trees from th e ground, cars from the streets, and people from their homes. It tossed two tractor-trailers 150 feet into the air and onto the roof of a bowling alley. A wooden utility pole about 20 feet long snapped in half like a twig and soared 160 feet away from its original location. Five schools in Xenia were in the direct path of the tornado. When the tornado passed, three of the schools were destroyed almost completely. The other two were extensively damaged. The devastating tornado that struck Xenia killed 37 people, injured 2,000, and damaged 7,000 homes. In the Xenia tornado, as in any major disaster, the damage to buildings and lifelines and the effort required responding to casualties and destruction significantly disrupted traditional group activities in all spheres of life, from work to recreation, from religious worship to banking services. A tornado does more than wreck buildings and sever lifelines, it completely interrupts the cycles of community life, or at least puts considera ble strain on them. With stores and places of employment closed in Xenia, not only were some people temporarily unemployed, but necessary goods and services could not be obtained in the usual ways at the times and locations wanted. With so many schools destroyed, educational schedules were sharply altered, as were recreational habits for children. Ultimately, the tornado very sharply disrupted community life. We will write a custom essay on Superoutbreak of 1974 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now So what exactly was the cause of the Super Tornado Outbreak of 1974? The approximate cause of the huge tornado outbreak of April 3-4, 1974, in roughly laymans language, was the result of a number of important factors coming together at the right critical time. A very vigorous upper level atmospheric disturbance, along with a strong polar jet stream lead to the amplification and general strengthening of a low pressure region to the east of the Rocky Mountains. As this low pressure region, with its counterclockwise rotation moved eastward, it became more and more intense and caused a great deal of warm, moist air to move into the Ohio river valley from the Gulf of Mexico. The natural rising of the surface, warm, moist air was inhibited by an upper atmospheric layer of warm dry air from the dry southwest region of the country.During the outbreak, six tornadoes reached the massive intensity of F5 on the Fujita Scale, were winds can exceed 318 mph and whole houses can be swept away. Often there isnt an F5 in an entire year in the whole country. An estimated 118 of the twisters had paths on the ground more than a mile long. One traveled more than a hundred miles, researchers say. Another reached five miles in width. At one point, 15 tornadoes were on the ground at the same time. Few states in the region escaped damage; those hit were Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 , .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .postImageUrl , .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 , .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347:hover , .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347:visited , .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347:active { border:0!important; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347:active , .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347 .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc380d8133603256cc82393ff0bd7b347:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Debate - Sports Starts Get Paid To Much (Affirmative) EssayIn conclusion, the deadliest and most devastating U.S. tornado outbreak of the 20th century was the April 34, 1974, Super Tornado Outbreak. It lasted 16 hours and at least 148 twisters tore up 2,500 miles of Earth through 13 states over a 24-hour period, according to the National Weather Service. The super outbreak, as meteorologists now call it, left 330 people dead and 5,484 injured. Property losses were placed at $600 million and only ten of the thirteen states that were hit, were declared a disaster area. Bibliography:Works CitedBradford, Marlene. Scanning the Skies. University of Oklahoma Press: Norman, 2001. Snowden, Flora D. Tornadoes of the United States. University of Oklahoma Press: Norman, 1953. White, Robert M. The Widespread Tornado Outbreak of April 3-4, 1974. Rockville, Md. 1974.

List of Academic Geography Journals

List of Academic Geography Journals What follows is a listing of important academic journals devoted to geography. You should be able to find most in large academic (university) libraries at universities that include geography departments.   General U.S. Annals of the Association of American GeographersFocusGeographical ReviewJournal of GeographyLandscapeNational Geographic ResearchNational Geographic MagazineProfessional Geographer General International AreaAustralian GeographerAustralian Geographical StudiesCanadian GeographerCanadian GeographicGeoforumGeographicalGeographyGeographical Journal of RGSGeoJournalInstitute of British Geographers. TransactionsNew Zealand GeographerNew Zealand Journal of Geography Human Geography Economic GeographyEnvironment and Planning D: Society and SpaceGeografiska Annaler. Series B. Human GeographyJournal of Cultural GeographyJournal of Historical GeographyPolitical GeographyProgress in Human GeographyUrban Geography Human Geography Related Annals of Tourism ResearchAsian and Pacific Migration JournalDemographyEconomic Development and Cultural ChangeEkisticsHuman EcologyJournal of Regional ScienceJournal of the American Institute of PlannersLand EconomicsLandscape and Urban PlanningNationalities PapersPopulation and Development ReviewInternational Journal of Population GeographyInternational Migration ReviewPlanningRegional Science and Urban EconomicsRegional StudiesSocial Science and Medicine D: Medical GeographyUrban Affairs QuarterlyUrban AnthropologyUrban Studies Physical Geography Atmosphere-OceanBoundary-Layer MeteorologyBulletin of the American Meteorological SocietyEarth Surface Processes and LandformsGeografiska Annaler. Series A. Physical GeographyJournal of the Atmospheric SciencesJournal of BiogeographyJournal of ClimateJournal of Climate and Applied MeteorologyJournal of HydrologyMeteorology and Atmospheric PhysicsMeteorological MagazineMonthly Weather ReviewPhysical GeographyProgress in Physical GeographyQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological SocietyTheoretical and Applied ClimatologyWeatherWeatherwiseWorld Meteorology Organization BulletinZeitschrift fur GeomorphologieZeitschrift fur Meteorologie Physical Geography Related Advances in HydroscienceBiological ConservationBulletin of the Geological Society of AmericaCanadian Journal of the Earth SciencesCatenaEarth ScienceEarth Science ReviewsThe EcologistEcologyEnvironmentEnvironmental EthicsEnvironmental PollutionInternational Journal of Environmental StudiesJournal of GlaciologyJournal of Sedimentary PetrologyMazingiraQuarternary ResearchWater Resources BulletinWater Resources ResearchJournal of Soil and Water ConservationJournal of the Soil Science Society of AmericaRestoration EcologyWild Earth Other - Technique/Approach AntipodeApplied GeographyCartographic JournalCartographicaCartographyCartography and Geographic Information SystemsGeographical AnalysisGeoworldImago MundiITC JournalPhotogrammetric Engineering and Remote SensingWorld Cartography Region-Based Annals of Arid ZonesArcticArctic and Alpine ResearchAustralian Meteorology MagazineChina GeographerGeographica PolanicaPolar RecordPost-Soviet Geography

The Choice by Nicholas Sparks Book Review

The Choice by Nicholas Sparks Book Review This love story from  Nicholas Sparks follows his usual easy-to-read, entertaining style, with a  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹plot that culminates in a poignant ending, producing real emotion from the reader. The lovers, Gabby and Travis, seem to be cross purposes. Even their dogs seem to be at odds, especially when her dog becomes pregnant. What choices will be made? Too Much Prologue and Epilogue? A major criticism of the novel has been Sparks use of a prologue and epilogue, each of which is in the present, 11 years after the main action. The criticism is not valid, for the prologue creates a sense of impending but unnamed doom that heightens dramatic tension in the novel. Hints are dropped. He brings flowers to his wife of 11 years at her workplace because theyd had an argument three months ago, the last time they had spoken and shared the same bed. As a child, Travis asked his father to tell him stories with a surprise ending because these were the best ones. The story then moves to when they met 11 years earlier. Travis is a single and unattached veterinarian, his life filled with friends and fun. Shes in a long-term relationship. In fact, she has moved to Beaufort, North Carolina to be near her boyfriend. Her dog brings them together. In just a few days, Gabby and Travis fall in love. She resists with all her might, but the inexorable flow of the ocean is working against her. Shortly after meeting her, Travis knew that the solitary journey hed been on for years had somehow reached its end. Both know  snap decisions  can be made, can be exactly right, and powerfully enduring. The Twist Sparks said at a reading that he always knows the twist, the surprise which ends his novels  when he begins writing. This twist will, compared to his other emotionally charged novels, unleash a torrent of tears, Niagara Falls on steroids. But, the emotion will be emotionally cleansing for it involves a choice each of us is likely to face one day. How do we meet the curveball life throws us from time to time? What choice will Travis make? This is the stuff of serious romance novels. Perhaps the most prescient comment is by a  woman at a reading who noted, Life gets turned around by someone, a catalyst, who  melts  the other persons wall. That is true here, but the catalyst is a bit surprising, even for Sparks. Why Are Sparks Novels so Popular? Readers appreciate that Sparks always provides a good story. It has a message and it flows. He seems to understand women. There is always a clear theme, but it isnt written to formula. The Movie The Choice was made adapted as a feature movie in 2016, starring Benjamin Walker as Travis and Teresa Palmer as Gabby, with Maggie Grace and Tom Welling as their other love interests and Tom Wilkinson as Travis father. It received a very poor rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

Are we better off Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Are we better off - Assignment Example Practical projects are essential for histotech as they afford the students with hands on experience (Kohl, et al., 2011). Professions dealing with the human health are very critical; as such, they require utmost proficiency and due diligence. Practical project provides the necessary experience since it prepares the learner for the real world. Additionally, it prepares the learner for further learning specifically within the health profession. Tasks performed by Histotechnicians require mechanical capability and patience, what better way is there to prepare the learners than through practical projects (Kohl, et al., 2011). The learners must prove their proficiency in laboratory processes and in immune histo-chemistry. An academic project invokes the student’s analytical capability and hence facilitating the learner’s competence prior to certification. Kohl, S. K., Lewis, S. E., Tunnicliffe, J., Lott, R. L., Spencer, L. T., Carson, F. L.,& Brown, R. W. (2011). The College of American Pathologists and National Society for Histotechnology Workload Study. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine, 135(6),

Management leadership and performance for new products Dissertation

Management leadership and performance for new products - Dissertation Example Based on this research it is through accountable leadership that the decisions on which technological advances are best to adopt in order to ensure improved production are formulated. However leaders should be encouraged to also seek the suggestions of their subjects as they could also be of help. The management of Clydesdale bank has to undertake a market analysis with which they can be able to establish their target group hence market segmentation. Counterfactual experiments are always a challenge for those who continue to practice them and they end up with complicated results. This can be illustrated in a nation that has been dominated by the need for balance of power to the extent that they do not consider alternative perspectives. Despite the fact that some of them go ahead to practice the issue of power transition, they still find themselves experiencing some of the past power stylistics which they thought would change through the transition process. This is attributed to the b elief that, equal distribution of power in a country is a driving force to the international politics. Economic wealth on the other hand, is viewed as a major source of power for many countries that can now be grouped as the developed nations. This is because, for a long period of time they have been able to immerse wealth that enables them to be independent. Through operations management, the organizational structure ensures that there is a flexible relationship between production and the amount of consumption by the consumers. Inputs should at the end of the day be processed into outputs. There has to be a frequent supply of labour to ensure consistency in production. The resources that are acquired have to be used skillfully in order to obtain maximum profit. Through operations the bank should be able to come up with social networks so as to facilitate acquisition of skills from other organizations. This encourages the process of induction in the companies in their endeavor to in crease productivity (Sang-hun 2010, p. 6).

To Kill a Mockingbird - is a must see Essay Example for Free

To Kill a Mockingbird is a must see Essay To Kill a Mockingbird, is a story told through the eyes of a young girl named Scout Finch (played by Bailee Madison) who grows up in Alabama (Maycomb County) during the Great Depression when blacks and whites were very much segregated. The story revolves around the ideas of racism, poverty, ignorance and discrimination. Boo Radley(played by Guy Pearce) is the main source of Dill (played by Kenton Duty) Jem (played by Greg Sulkin) and Scout’s fascination because he is very withdrawn, which is very strange in Maycomb- where everybody knows everybody, because he is so reserved he is given a bad reputation of being mentally unstable. People discussed many rumors that are later proven to be completely false. Growing up in a town where everyone knows each other she and her brother, Jem Finch are hounded and taunted at school because their father, Atticus Finch (played by Leonardo DiCaprio) is an attorney who takes up a case in which an acquitted, Tom Robinson (played by Shemar Moore), a black man is accused of attacking a white girl. He’s up against the rooted racial power structure of the Old South, severe bans against interracial sex, as well as the pride of the girl’s disadvantaged and brutal family (The Ewell’s). Because their father is protecting a black man in a court of law, they are bullied at school and decide to watch the trial, realizing that their father isn’t the man they thought he was. Throughout the beginning of the story Jem and Scout see Atticus as a feeble man but during the trial they both get a newfound respect for their dad. Scout and Jem both recognize the strength in Atticus and the respect he commands of those around him. Little things like the mad dog and the way he handles himself in front of the mob at the jail make them realize how strong their father is regardless of physical age. Bob Ewell wanted to get revenge on Atticus for completely destroying his dignity during the hearing and to suffer during the post-trial period. Therefore, he wanted Atticus to experience the pain he felt. Hence, he attacked Scout and Jem, in the hopes of killing them. Boo Radley heard Jem scream and came outside immediately to help them. He grabbed a kitchen knife on the way out and stabbed Mr. Ewell up the ribs in attempt of saving Jem and Scout. To Kill a Mockingbird The scene I chose is the court scene because it symbolized life, or death to Tom Robinson. It also would affect the Finch’s because during that time people were narrow-minded and would see them as sympathizers to the blacks which was unheard of in a small southern town during the 1930’s.

Abraham Lincoln Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in a log cabin in Hardin Kentucky. His father Thomas Lincoln was a carpenter and farmer who was always very poor. Both of his parents were members of a Baptist congregation which had split from another church because of its views against slavery. This is where Abe first developed his own opposition to slavery. When Abe was nine the family moved to Spencer, Indiana, and his mother Nancy died from milk sickness. Milk sickness was a disease acquired by drinking the milk of cows which had grazed on poisonous white snakeroot. Soon after, Thomas married Sarah Bush Johnston who treated Abe like her own son. Abe had no formal schooling as a child so he ended up teaching himself. Abe loved to read so he spent most of his days out in the fields reading books. In 1831, Abe settled in the village of New Salem, Illinois. He began working in a mill and managing a store where he became popular amongst the members of the community. He impresse d residents with his character and earned the nickname "Honest Abe." In 1832 he was chosen captain of a volunteer company gathered for the Black Hawk War, but the company never saw battle. After, he returned to New Salem and became a partner in a grocery store that later failed. This left Abe in debt and forced him to work various jobs such as the village postmaster and rail splitting. Lincoln's early political career began in 1834 when he was elected to the state legislature where he served four consecutive years. During this time he became a member of the Whig party. In 1836, he received his attorney license and soon became law partners with John T. Stuart. Lincoln's career in law steadily increased because of his great abili... ...ccessful President. For example, despite enormous pressures, loss of life, battlefield setbacks, unprepared generals, and assassination threats, he stuck with this pro-Union policy throughout the whole Civil War. When I have my mind set on a goal, I strive to accomplish that goal. Whether it be with school work, at a job, or on the tennis court, I do anything I can to accomplish my goal. I do whatever I can to do my best and give 100 percent effort. Abraham Lincoln accomplished so much throughout his lifetime. He is remembered for his fearless acts in preserving the Union during the Civil War. He began the process to end slavery, and if it wasn't for him, we might very well still have slaves today in the United States. He is also remembered for his character, debates, letters, speeches, and determination that led him as one of our nations greatest Presidents.

International Joint venture Essay

International Joint Ventures (IJVs) are becoming increasingly popular in the business world as they aid companies to form strategic alliances. These strategic alliances allow companies to gain competitive advantage through access to a partner’s resources, including markets, technologies, capital and people. International Joint Ventures are viewed as a practical vehicle for knowledge transfer, such as technology transfer, from multinational expertise to local companies, and such knowledge transfer can contribute to the performance improvement of local companies. Within IJV’s one or more of the parties is located where the operations of the IJV take place and also involve a local and foreign company. Basic Elements of an IJV Contractual Agreement. IJVs are established by express contracts that consist of one or more agreements involving two or more individuals or organizations and that are entered into for a specific business purpose. Specific Limited Purpose and Duration. IJVs are formed for a specific business objective and can have a limited life span or be long-term. IJVs are frequently established for a limited duration because (a) the complementary activities involve a limited amount of assets; (b) the complementary assets have only a limited service life; and/or (c) the complementary production activities will be of only limited efficacy. Joint Property Interest. Each IJV participant contributes property, cash, or other assets and organizational capital for the pursuit of a common and specific business purpose. Thus, an IJV is not merely a contractual relationship, but rather the contributions are made to a newly formed business enterprise, usually a corporation, limited liability company, or partnership. As such, the participants acquire a joint property interest in the assets and subject matter of the IJV. Reasons for Forming a Joint Venture There are many motivations that lead to the formation of a JV. They include: Risk Sharing – Risk sharing is a common reason to form a JV, particularly, in highly capital intensive industries and in industries where the high costs of product development equal a high likelihood of failure of any particular product. Economies of Scale – If an industry has high fixed costs, a JV with a larger company can provide the economies of scale necessary to compete globally and can be an effective way by which two companies can pool resources and achieve critical mass. Market Access – For companies that lack a basic understanding of customers and the relationship/infrastructure to distribute their products to customers, forming a JV with the right partner can provide instant access to established, efficient and effective distribution channels and receptive customer bases. This is important to a company because creating new distribution channels and identifying new customer bases can be extremely difficult, time consuming and expensive activities. Geographical Constraints – When there is an attractive business opportunity in a foreign market, partnering with a local company is attractive to a foreign company because penetrating a foreign market can be difficult both because of a lack of experience in such market and local barriers to foreign-owned or foreign-controlled companies. Funding Constraints – When a company is confronted with high up-front development costs, finding the right JVP can provide necessary financing and credibility with third parties. Benefits Many of the benefits associated with International Joint Ventures are that they provide companies with the opportunity to obtain new capacity and expertise and they allow companies to enter into related business or new geographic markets or obtain new technological knowledge. Furthermore, International Joint Ventures are in most cases have a short life span, allowing companies to make short term commitments rather than long term commitments. Through International Joint Ventures, companies are given opportunities to increase profit margins, accelerate their revenue growth, produce new products, expand to new domestic markets, gain financial support, and share scientists or other professionals that have unique skills that will benefit the companies. Structure International Joint Ventures are developed when two companies work together to meet a specific goal. For example, Company A and Company B first begin by identifying and selecting an IJV partner. This process involves several steps such as market research, partner search, evaluating options, negotiations, business valuation, business planning, and due diligence. These steps are taken on by each company. There are also legal procedures involved such as IJV agreement, ancillary agreements, and regulatory approvals. Once this process is complete, the IJV Company is formed and during this final procedure the steps taken are formation and management. Management There are two types of International Joint Ventures: dominant parent and shared management. Within dominant parent IJV’s, all projects are managed by one parent who decides on all the functional managers for the venture. The board of directors, which is made up of executives from each parent, also plays a key role in managing the venture by making all the operating and strategic decisions. A dominant parent enterprise is beneficial where an International Joint Venture parent is selected for reasons outside of managerial input. Finance When two or more partners get together and form an International Joint Venture agreement, they must decide early on in regards to what the financial structure will entail as this will aid in management and control. Some of the steps include establishing the capital required to start the IJV, the impact of securing a strong strategic alliance partner, and financial reporting. Once an arrangement is made, a tax-planned joint venture will be created which will aid in maximizing the after-tax returns. Factors affecting IJV Economic Factors Poor formation and planning Problems that arise in joint ventures are usually as a result of poor planning or the parties involved being too hasty to set up shop. For example, a marketing strategy may fail if a product was inappropriate for the joint venture or if the parties involved failed to appropriately asses the factors involved . Parties must pay attention to several analysis both of the environment and customers they hope to operate in. Failure to do this sets off a bad tone for the venture, creating future problems. Unexpected poor financial performance One of the fastest ways for a joint venture is financial disputes between parties. This usually happens when the financial performance is poorer than expected either due to poor sales, cost overruns or others. Poor financial performance could also be as a result of poor planning by the parties before setting up a joint venture, failure to approach the market with sufficient management efficiency and unanticipated changes in the market situation. A good solution to this is to evaluate financial situations thorough before and during very step of the joint venture. Management problems One of the biggest problems of joint ventures is the ineffective blending of managers who are not used to working together of have entirely different ways of approaching issues affecting the organization. It is a well-known fact that many joint ventures come apart due to misunderstanding over leadership strategies. For a successful joint venture, there has be understanding and compromise between parties, respect and integration of the strengths of both sides to overcome the weaker points and make their alliance stronger. Inappropriate management structure In a bid to have equal rights in the venture, there could be a misfit of managers. As a result, there is a major slowdown of decision making processes. Daily operational decisions that are best made quickly for more efficiency of the business tends to be slowed down because there is now a ‘committee’ that is in place to make sure both parties support every little decision. This could distract from the bigger picture leading to major problems in the long run. Cultures Factors When a joint venture is formed, it is literarily an attempt at blending two or more cultures in the hope of leveraging on the strength of each party. Lack of understanding of the cultures of the individual parties poses a huge problem if not addressed. A common problem in these multi-cultural enterprises is that the culture is not considered in their initial formation. It is usually assumed that the cultural issues will be addressed later when the new unit has been created. Usually, compromises are reached and certain cultural from the parties are kept on while others are others are either out rightly discarded or modified. Pros and Cons for IJV The joint venture is becoming a popular way for companies that outsource their operations to retain a piece of the ownership pie. The creation of a new legal entity during the launch of a joint venture comes with its share of ups and downs. On the plus side: Joint ventures enable companies to share technology and complementary IP assets for the production and delivery of innovative goods and services. Joint ventures can be used to reduce political friction and improve local/national acceptability of the company. Joint ventures may provide specialist knowledge of local markets, entry to required channels of distribution, and access to supplies of raw materials, government contracts and local production facilities. In a growing number of countries, joint ventures with host governments have become increasingly important. These may be formed directly with State-owned enterprises or directed toward national champions. On the minus side: A major problem is that joint ventures are very difficult to integrate into a global strategy that involves substantial cross-border trading. In such circumstances, there are almost inevitably problems concerning inward and outward transfer pricing and the sourcing of exports, in particular, in favor of wholly owned subsidiaries in other countries. Problems occur with regard to management structures and staffing of joint ventures. Many joint ventures fail because of a conflict in tax interests between the partners. Disputes & Agreements Disputes When two or more partners agree on an International Joint Venture, there are possibilities for disputes to arise. Particularly in IJV’s, there can be issues between the partners who are likely to want their home country’s governing law and jurisdiction to apply to any disputes that may come up; therefore, to avoid such a problem, a neutral governing law and jurisdiction is chosen in some cases. A popular dispute resolution technique used in IJV’s is arbitration; however, many times a court process is given priority as this system has more authority. Other dispute resolution strategies utilized are mediation and litigation. Agreements Entering into an International Joint Venture agreement begins with the selection of partners and then generally this process continues to a Memorandum of Understanding or a Letter of Intent is signed by both parties. The Memorandum of Understanding is a document describing an agreement between parties. On the other hand, a Letter of Intent is a document outlining an agreement between the parties before the agreement is finalized. Examples of successful IJV Sony-Ericsson is a joint venture by the Japanese consumer electronics company Sony Corporation and the Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson to make mobile phones. The stated reason for this venture is to combine Sony’s consumer electronics expertise with Ericsson’s technological leadership in the communications sector. Both companies have stopped making their own mobile phones. Omega Navigation Enterprises Inc. is an international provider of marine transportation services focusing on seaborne transportation of refined petroleum products. One of the vessels, namely the Omega Duke, is owned through a 50% controlled joint venture with Topley Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Glencore International AG (Glencore).They have also formed an equal partnership joint venture company with Topley Corporation, namely Megacore Shipping Ltd.

Mountain Pine Beetle Management

Adult Mountain Pine Beetles (MPBs) are known to bore into trees that are suitable for laying eggs in the tree's bark. Mature lodgepole pines (Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann) from 80 to 120 years old are only some of the many trees infested and damaged by MPBs. Pine beetle problems such as tree infestation and damage occur when MPBs begin to settle in a tree and lay its eggs of 60 to 80. Canadian forests have experienced MPB infestation since previous years, with the area of British Columbia currently suffering from the largest pest outbreak in the history of Canada with over 7 million hectares infested in 2004. The region of Alberta has previously experienced two pest outbreaks: from 1940 to 1943 and from 1977 to 1985. However, there is an imminent threat of another MPB outbreak. Research identifies the threat as caused by the overwhelming abundance of susceptible pine forests located at the eastern slope of the Rockies. The MPB outbreak threat is also believed to expand from the pine forests to the boreal forests east of the Rocky Mountains. For this reason, Alberta is seeking measures to prevent another MPB outbreak from occurring. The primary goal is to reduce the number of susceptible pine trees from the infestation of pine beetles before the MPBs reach the region for the third time. An objective taken in Alberta so far is early identification of susceptible pine trees in order to control and preempt the event where there is already infestation. Some of the areas aimed at preempting an MPB outbreak include the national parks situated between Alberta and British Columbia, as well as public, private and municipal lands in Alberta. One of the measures taken is the removal of the susceptible prime brood producing stands. This step is designed to mitigate the probability of the growth of the MPB population. Once this step is already established, the growth of the MPB population is expected to slow down after which a direct control efforts on the MPB infestation will be applied. Estimates from aerial and ground surveys since August 2006 indicate a total of 2.8 million trees infested by the pine beetle. There are current efforts in Alberta in resolving the probable outbreak such as the efforts taken by the Alberta Sustainable Resource Development which detected and treated over a thousand infested trees, 98% of which were treated in 2002 to 2003. Economic estimates reveal that the impact of an MPB outbreak will greatly affect the wood and furniture industry. Possible solutions roughly include, but is not limited to, MPB mitigation efforts which are strategically planned and well-coordinated among land managers such as Parks Canada, First Nations, Alberta Community Development, the forest industry as well as the municipalities. In the event where there is already a rampant MPB outbreak, a salvage strategy will be applied by recovering dead and dying trees before the fiber is lost in order to obtain the pine trees which may still be of good use. The operation will be spearheaded by the government of Alberta in cooperation with the existing public and private organizations and concerned individuals through coordinated efforts. Constant monitoring and studies taken by the government teams for mitigating the probable and eventual MPB infestation will be applied alongside with the incorporation of efforts from private entities. References Mountain Pine Beetles in Your Backyard? from http://www.srd.gov.ab.ca/forests/health/mpb.html Ono, H. (2003). The Mountain Pine Beetle: Scope of the Problem and Key Issues in Alberta. Paper presented at the Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions. ;

Argument Against Human Cloning essays

Argument Against Human Cloning essays The idea of cloning humans has always stirred debate, raising moral and ethical issues. As research and experiments continue delve into the frontiers of technology and science, we inch closer to the possibility of cloning becoming a reality. In fact, it is unrealistic to assume it will never happen. To deal with the implications of cloning, we should hesitate to consider the cost cloning would have on society as a whole. Human cloning is unethical because we cannot know the results, because alters societal roles, and because it degrades humanity. As we move forward into the millennium, the cloned animal, Dolly, had already died prematurely. Efforts are made across the globe to create the first cloned human being without first considering the consequences. This paper will focus on the ethical and moral dilemmas surrounding the science of cloning and why it We should first understand our own limits and balance them with logical thinking. Ethics involves doing the right thing. In theory, cloning sounds like a great idea. However, in practice, it presents more problems than it can solve. Part of being a human being in a functioning society involves responsibility. Part of thinking about the future includes incorporating the law of unintended consequences. When we consider cloning, we must not blindly overlook its negative implications. Cloning always conjures up ideas of Dr. Frankenstein, who became a victim of his own desire for knowledge. Frankenstein and his hideous were indeed fictional characters, Mary Shelley understood the danger associated with the hunger for knowledge. In Frankenstein, Shelley warns us of the dangers of knowledge with the dying Victor Frankenstein tells Walton, "seek happiness in tranquility and avoid ambition, even if it be only the apparently innocent one of distinguishing yourself in science and discoveries" (Shelley 200) Clearly, Fran...

Draft, Develop, and Organize a Descriptive Paragraph

Draft, Develop, and Organize a Descriptive Paragraph Once you have settled on a topic for your descriptive paragraph and collected some details, youre ready to put those details together in a rough draft. Lets look at one way of organizing a descriptive paragraph. A Three-Step Method for Organizing a Descriptive Paragraph Heres a common way of organizing a descriptive paragraph. Begin the paragraph with a topic sentence that identifies your prized belonging and briefly explains its significance to you.Next, describe the item in four or five sentences, using the details that you listed after probing your topic.Finally, conclude the paragraph with a sentence that emphasizes the personal value of the item. There are various ways to organize the details in a descriptive paragraph. You may move from the top of the item to the bottom, or from the bottom to the top. You may start at the left side of the item and move right, or go from right to left. You may start with the outside of the item and move in, or go from inside to out. Choose the one pattern that seems best suited to your topic, and then stick to that pattern throughout the paragraph. A Model Descriptive Paragraph: My Tiny Diamond Ring The following student paragraph, titled My Tiny Diamond Ring, follows the basic pattern of topic sentence, supporting sentences, and conclusion: On the third finger of my left hand is the pre-engagement ring given to me last year by my sister Doris. The 14-carat gold band, a bit tarnished by time and neglect, circles my finger and twists together at the top to encase a small white diamond. The four prongs that anchor the diamond are separated by pockets of dust. The diamond itself is tiny and dull, like a sliver of glass found on the kitchen floor after a dishwashing accident. Just below the diamond are small air holes, intended to let the diamond breathe, but now clogged with grime. The ring is neither very attractive nor valuable, but I treasure it as a gift from my older sister, a gift that I will pass along to my younger sister when I receive my own engagement ring this Christmas. An Analysis of the Model Description Notice that the topic sentence in this paragraph not only identifies the belonging (a pre-engagement ring) but also implies why the writer treasures it (. . . given to me last year by my sister Doris). This kind of topic sentence is more interesting and revealing than a bare announcement, such as, The belonging I am about to describe is my pre-engagement ring. Instead of announcing your topic in this way, focus your paragraph and gain the interest of your readers with a complete topic sentence: one that both identifies the object youre about to describe and also suggests how you feel about it. Once you have introduced a topic clearly, you should stick to it, developing this idea with details in the rest of the paragraph. The writer of My Tiny Diamond Ring has done just that, providing specific details that describe the ring: its parts, size, color, and condition. As a result, the paragraph is unifiedthat is, all of the supporting sentences relate directly to one another and to the topic introduced in the first sentence. You shouldnt be concerned if your first draft doesnt seem as clear or as well constructed as My Tiny Diamond Ring (the result of several revisions). Your aim now is to introduce your belonging in a topic sentence and then draft four or five supporting sentences that describe the item in detail. In later steps of the writing process, you can focus on sharpening and rearranging these sentences as you revise. NEXT STEPPractice in Organizing a Descriptive Paragraph REVIEWSupporting a Topic Sentence with Specific Details ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES OF WELL-ORGANIZED DESCRIPTIONS Model Descriptive ParagraphsModel Place Descriptions: Four Descriptive ParagraphsJoseph Mitchells Place Description: McSorleys SaloonWillie Morriss Descriptive Narrative RETURN TOHow to Write a Descriptive Paragraph

The mysterious series 3 problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The mysterious series 3 problems - Essay Example The length X width is simply the area of the inner box diagramed above. The height is simply x. Thus the expression for the volume of the box is the following: 3. Billy bob has 200 yards of fencing material, and he wishes to build a rectangular kennel with four sections, as shown below. Find the dimensions of the individual pens if the total enclosed area is to be as large as possible? Prove that you have accurately determined the total maximum area. Let x be the width of each individual pen. If the total fencing is 200 yards, the resulting length of the whole pen would be (200-5x)/2 and the area of the whole pen would be [(200-5x)/2](x). The formula for the area of the whole pen would be: To maximize the area, derive the formula for the area, equate to zero and then solve for x. The derivative would then be 100-5x=0, thus x=20. Substituting back into the equation, the length of the whole pen would be 50 yards and the width of the pen would be 20 yards. If individual pens were to be measured, the length would be divided by 4, thus the length of each individual pen would be 12.5 yards. Since the width of each pen is 20 yards, each pen would have an area of 250 square

The effects of aquaculture on bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops sp.) Essay

The effects of aquaculture on bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops sp.) ranging in Shark Bay, Western Australia - Essay Example of such a large number of single species, the interruption of the food chain, the activity of humans and the interference with migration patterns and appropriate safe places in which dolphins have traditionally hidden from predators, there have not been many studies conducted regarding the exact effect these types of farms have on local dolphin populations. The study looked at the activities of 11 female dolphins that have been subjects of studies since 1988. Because the areas of the oyster farm moved periodically throughout the study, researchers were able to compare dolphin activities at each stage of operation. The study was conducted by approaching dolphins as they were seen from a small boat and determining individuals by their dorsal fins. At the same time, the location of the boat was recorded by taking bearings on GPS devices or landmarks. These location points were then charted and compared to the oyster farm areas. The dolphins studied did show a significant decrease in usage of the areas used by the oyster farm, preferring to operate around the farm rather than in it or through it. The impact of this is decreased foraging sites for female dolphins, resulting in decreased eating, reproductive success and disruption in established social

Raising the Ante Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Raising the Ante - Case Study Example The cost of reimbursement of women within the firm needs be analysed in relation to the financial situation of the firm. The suffering of these women in relation to gender discrimination is important to be evaluated (Shaw, 419). As a board member within the firm accommodating the views of Ms. Warren would impact on the performance of the firm. Additionally, is considered as being wise for the firm to compensate the employees in terms of salaries for the present discriminations since the board is not accountable for the past discriminations that were levelled to women by a different board. Hence as a board member my decision would be for the firm to make compensations in terms of salaries for the present discrimination of women in the firm (Shaw, 419). In relation to the case study the board members are facing an ethical dilemma. The ethical dilemma involves a conflict between the mental ethics and moral obligations. Discrimination in terms of gender is morally wrong and not accepted globally. Discrimination within the workplace leads to demotivation thereby affecting the productivity of the firm. The ethical issues in the case study relates to unequal treat of workers within the firm. The theory of egoism by Adam Smith is based upon the premise that the goodness or badness of something is founded upon the satisfaction of the needs of individuals. In this case the actions of Ms. Warren can be considered as being right due to the fact that it would bring benefits to herself and other employees in the firm (Shaw, 420). Ms. Warren presentation to the board was based on the impression that the other employees in the firm supported her proposal. However, in real sense that was not the case as other employees in the firm were of the opinion that the readjustment of salaries was unfair and were willing to forget the past and concentrate on the present. Therefore through her false impression that Ms. Warren presented

the business model of Apples itunes

the business model of Apples itunes Evaluate the business model of Apples itunes. In particular you should address:- 1. To what extent can the itunes business model be described as an ecosystem and what is the role of IT in enabling the collaboration between Apple, its economic partners and consumers? 2. How does itunes compare with competitors? 3. What new technologies could disrupt the current market by enabling a new form of business model? Introduction Business model in a basic sense deals with the method of doing business in order to generate revenues by which a company sustains itself in the competitive market place ( (Rappa, 2009).According to (Amberg Manuela) analysis on music industries, there are lots of media websites and companies following different business models fallen prey to file sharing tools and peer-peer networks which allow consumers to illegally copy and share the content for free. As a consequence , companies like Apple iTunes and Sony Connect have come up with internet based business models based on pay-per-download and dependent on the technology of the supplier for whom long-term customer relations are very crucial and customers are allowed to use the digital media content particularly with regard to technology of the supplier thus getting advantage and benefitting from selling hardware components because the offer of digital media content advances it. These business models replace the traditional business m odels which are generally based on selling physical media.This paper shows the fair understanding of Apple iTunes business model for its dominance over the current music market and tries to describe the business model with respect to ecosystem and compares iTunes with its key competitors in the market. The biological term ecosystem in this paper refers to the IT ecosystem. (Iansiti Richards, 2005) describes IT ecosystem as network of organizations that drives the creation, innovation and delivery of Information Technology products and services. According to (Cusumano, 2008) the term ‘Platform, is defined as â€Å" Foundation product or key technology in a system like the PC or a web enabled cell phone and should have relatively open technical interfaces and easily licensing terms in order to encourage other firms to contribute complementary product and services. So this can be accounted to an ecosystem around the platform and the platform becomes more valuable when the exter nal entities creative more innovations around it. This should cause more users to adopt the platform and more complementors to join the network. iTunes as an ecosystem Online music hit a new milestone after Apple computer,Inc.(Apple) launched the iTunes application in January 2001 follwed by launch of 1st generation iPod and 2 years later online music store in April of 2003.The two businesses, the production of MP3 players and the online music shops were initially considered as different units and after the invention of new hardware iPod these two businesses were merged. iTunes is a software designed with an intuitive and user friendly interface and iPod is an hardware designed with an eye on fashion. These two together helped Apple to enter and succeed in the music player market infact actually cross promoting the iPod hardware device. Because of their service and innovation Apple retained to grow in the online music field in a better way when compared to its key competitors like Dell, Sony and Samsung( (Li Chang). According to (Schonfeld, 2009) statistics, iTunes have now sold 6 billion songs and 10 million different tracks are now available on iTunes. iTunes is software and iPod is hardware as said by (Li Chang) are two different business units and Apple conjucts these two different products into one new business model. Using ecology to analyze this model(iPod and iTunes) it has set a nice example for ecotone between two species to drive the music industry into new ecosystem. A strong platform is apparent from the combination of both the software and the hardware. The below shows the evolution of new ecosystem with combination of two stand-alone ecosystems. ‘Most companies today inhabit ecosystemsloose networks of suppliers, distributors, and outsourcers; makers of related products or services; providers of relevant technology; and other organizations that affect, and are affected by, the creation and delivery of a companys own offering†¦.. as said by (Iansiti Levien, 2004) shows how business industry can be closely compared to biological ecosystem. Like every individual in the biological ecosystem every organization in the business ecosystem shares the fate of the network as a whole regardless of that members apparent strengths. Comparing this with the Apple business, iPod is not really an innovative technology by itself but the company creates a new ecotone for digital music where all the hardware(iPods) and software(iTunes) are related to it enhances its platform. According to (Koster, 2007) There is a continuous decline in the traditional sale of music sources like retail music stores and the on-going music industries ar e restructuring themselves by merging with other partners to face the loss of revenues and to adopt with the new business strategies and models in the music industry to compete with the counterparts. Even in the digital music world today, legitimate music downloading is continuously changing. Initial music sites have very strong limitations on access catalogs of music, on what could be done with the downloaded music, number of copies, time limits, where to copy. Though Apple iTunes works on this model, it is successful in negotiating a very large music catalog from the four labels from its music site. He says that one large advantage and success for Apple is because of its hardware device iPod where normally music is stored and playback. The revenues from iPods sales continue to grow after the introduction of iTunes. Though Apple had gotten permission from four majors to store their music on its website for consumers to download by promising the copyright protection authority DRM, i t is now planning to get away with DRM because they make the downloaded or recorded music very cumbersome for the consumer. This is evident from (Johnson, 2009) article on web which says By the end of the quarter all 10 million songs will be DRM free in iTunes and iTunes plus, said Phil Schiller, Apples senior vice president of worldwide product marketing. The blog witten by (Vitalari, 2009) clearly examines at the 21st century business model adopted by Apple to become successful in the market. He believes that business platforms are the root cause for cumulative business performance. Apples competitive business platforms is the main drive for innovations like community formation, mass collaboration, social networking, ecosystems, real time analytics, transparency etc. The iPhone App store was launched in July 2008 and today iTunes store is a total set of all forms of the digital media including music, games, software application, podcasts and video assets . As his explanation, the driving factors for Apple success and points out that the effective business platforms have few key ingredients:  · iPods, iphones are not just products instead they represent individual business platforms and they create an ecosystem surrounding the product which means they create a common understanding for business transactions, technical specifications, interface standards and requirements. With the iPhone this includes all of the sub-contracted manufacturers, but more importantly it includes iTunes, the app store and app developers.This results in creating a transparency which enables and facilitates hundreds of participants to collaborate asynchronously and independently.  · This leads directly to the second point, which is that the business platform then helps to generate untold business analytics for the platforms owner.This is because of the elements of the business platform are networked and generates valuable information about the product, ecosystem and participants. Apple used this analytics to fix, improve and enhance the product and finally delighting the customers.  · This in turn creates a community of practice surrounding the business platform, as the collaborators learn how to make better things. IT in enabling collaboration with partners and consumers As a cofounder of Apple, Steve Jobss vision was to create new and different products to consumers and his notion of â€Å"one person-one computer became visionary responsible for Apples reputation for innovation and mission became changing the world by bringing the computers to masses (Richard D Vohr, 1998).Apple came back with reinvention of personal computer with Macintosh in 1980 after igniting the computer industry revolution with inventing Apple II and it is commited to bring the best computing experience to all the fields starting from students, educators, professionals and consumers all around the globe with its innovative software hardware and internet offerings. This Apples mission statements indicates it focuses on innovation and personal computing experience( (Pearlson Saunders, 2009). Apple From 1987-1997 the company suffered due to some major internal problems which affected the strategic leadership and its operations but after Steve Jobss second turn as CEO, company fixed operational problems and regains its innovative leadership dramatically. Few changes like manufacturing outsourcing and improving inventory became straight forward matching Dell, the industry leader.It moved to open industry standards rather than proprietary hardware interfaces that it had maintained for 15 years and thus in a minor way Apples product strategy became more open( (West Mace, 2007).As per ( (Apple Computer, 2006) Apple derives its competitive advantage again by its innovation giving iPod as an example. Apple entered the market with iPod in 2001and by end of fourth quarter of fiscal year 2005, iPods sales gained 33% of the total revenues. The factors which are accountable to their success and uniqueness are its computers based on its own operating system, which enabled further area of innovation.Its Mac OS operating system focuses on more simplicity and seen as graphically sophisticated. (West Mace, 2007)Recent trends have seen increasing strategy convergence be tween Apple and Microsoft .For its video game business, similar to its rivals Sony and Nintendo Microsoft buys the processor but designs its own hardware and software without licensing them to others.Meanwhile ‘Zune, Microsofts music players try to compete successfully to attain equality with Apples iPod. This shows Apple pursued a vertically integrated strategy in its music business. Vertical strategy is single firms controlling the entire platform. Apple leveraging its Macintosh installed base to establish iTunes music store and building iPod business on top of that and now iPhone business shows its expansion into adjacent markets and this loyal installed base makes any company easier to branch into a related market and this becomes a lesson for the other companies and Apple aims at satisfying the costumer not just upgrading the costumers what they have today like the other companies do. When ATT decided to make offer to iTunes many other mobile industries criticized it for making too many concessions to Apple. Due to this offer ATT gets benefit from Apple in two ways , one is Apple increases the average monthly bills for the customers who switch from ATT to iPhone and the second one is it causes existing people to switch from existing carriers to ATT as its the exclusive carrier for iPhone( (The Apple iPhone:Successes and Challenges for the Mobile Industry, 2008). Digital Record Management systems are uses to encrypt the data does not allow illegal or non authorization download of music and currently there are two main formats used for protect downloading of music. One is fairplay and the other is WMA. Fairplay is Apples proprietary technology where it secure the data encrypted in AAC( Advanced Audi Coding) format. WMA is Microsofts Windows media audio video encoding platform. iPods can play only those stuff which are secured through fairplay format and Apple has refuse to lincense this fairplay to other retailers and so it is difficult for iPod users to download music from other retailers other than iTunes music store. But recently Realnetworks in US came up with a package which allows iPod users resident in US to play secures music from Realnetworkss music store Rhapsody. Apple got furious with this and accused Realnetworks of ‘Hacker tactics and Ethics and reported to investigating on that for violating the intellectual rights. If apple is capable of putting an end to such violations then the indispensability of fairplay could be established( (The iTunes music store: does competition law hold the key to closed shop?, 2004) According to insights into IDCs lifesciences by (Swenson Golden, 2005) Apple products are getting attracted by the life science researchers who actually migrated from linux and unix platforms because of the dual nature of Mac OS and its estimated historically that the life scientists have been twice or thrice more likely than the average computer user to Apples Mac platform as client computer thus representing attractive market for Apple. It has announced about its collaboration with airlines which includes Air France, Continental, Delta, United and KLM to integrate the in flight entertainment systems with iPod and taking the current entertainment provided in these airlines to a next level for better travel experience( (Apple_Partners_with_Airlines_for_iPod_Integration, 2006). Sets Apple as an interesting example for not being an open source model in its business strategies but is thought b of being a highly proprietary company from its earlier years. Now it has jumped into open sou rce and have started projects both inside and outside its corporate firewalls. Apples OS X was a open source because it was based on Darwin. Its developer website said that Apples open source projects let key developers to customize and enhance Apple software and through this open source models it allows Apple engineers to collaborate with open source community to come up with better and more reliable products (Goldman Gabriel, 2005). On September 2007, Apple and Starbucks announced their collaboration on Apple letting costumers at Starbucks wirelessly browsing, previewing, buying and downloading music from iTunes music stores at Starbucks on their iPods enhancing Starbucks retail coffee experience by helping customers with discovering new music instantly (Rothman, 2007). These examples shows how Apple is spreading the digital media revolution with its technologically profound products. Apple believes in fully integrated and completely digital learning environment which makes conte nts to move from from application to another and easy to collaborate and share ideas. Integration even reduces the burden of technology challenge. So Apples IT team rather than spending time and money on how to get things working feels it worthwhile to dedicate the same on providing capabilities, innovations and resources for its institution (Everything Apple means everything just works). iTunes and Competitors: The majors competitors for Apple are Google and Microsoft Corporation and other competitors include Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Fujitsu, Samsung Electronics, Sony and Toshiba. Apple is designing software and hardware systems that delivers a greater user experience. Google is giving away operating systems to companies that license windows mobile today. Microsoft needs to think about their business models to compete in such a race where it probably has to decide whether it wants to compete in devices or operating systems and doing both is again at a risk which requires business models that are outside its core competencies( (The Apple iPhone:Successes and Challenges for the Mobile Industry, 2008). There is a partial collision between Apple and RIM in smartphone business in which Apples device is a entertainment centric whereas RIMs product is a communication centric.Though each company is growing into each others space Apple is got the advantage because infrastructure establishment would be too large for RIM and beside that RIMs image is all wrong for that instead it is much better to defend and grow its market by adding more features and types of business communications to Blackberry. Comparing it with Nokia, Nokias challenges are more about challenges. They sell hundred of millions handsets every year at low costs. But without it, Nokia will be really hard pressed to match with the iPhones user experiences. Competitors such as Diamond multimedia, with its Rio brand portable media players were successful in the market until Apple displaced them and all the credits for such a domination goes to the business model of the company by offerings users a seamless music experience by combining its iPod devices with iTunes and online iTunes store. Users were taken away by its value proposition and Apple had to negotiate deals with the major record companies to establish the worlds largest online music library, there giving the twist for the company to earn most of its revenue s by selling iPods while using the integration with the on online music store to protect itself from the competitors( (Osterwalder Yves, 2009).Smartphone users are going to increase in number in the next few years increasing in the PC functionalities supporting data services and voice and this is going to drive smartphone markets and Apple launching the iPhone which meets most of the required functionalities made it to third position in the global smartphone market in the third quarter of 2008. As there is rapid change in the technology there is introduction of new products with competitive prices, features and performance characteristics by all the competitors and out of all, mobile communication industry highly competitive with well funded and experienced competitors. For example in 2009, Nokia launched a new online media store in competition to Apple and this has resulted in price erosion which is now threatening to lessen the market share of the company( (DATAMONITOR, 2009). What new technologies could disrupt the current market by enabling a new form of business model. Apple has become the leader in the music world revolution and it justifies for its closed source system, keeping its digital music platform proprietary making it incompatible by other system by saying that it was the main reason in convincing its music labels and artists allowing them to sell their songs through iTunes assuring that those would not be pirated. But many analysts claim that that closed system was the reason for its previous failure in the computer business and Microsoft gained the masses with their open systems and now that is being seen as a gamble in this highly cometetive technology world (Williard, 2005). According to survey done by Rubicon Consulting Inc on the Apple iPhone users shows that about 43 percent of the iPhone users feels that the device would be more elegant if there is a physical change to the iPhone by adding adding a keyboard or a keypad either by making the device smaller or larger and about 40 percent of the users complain about the browser proble ms and the notably with those using Adobe flash and this shows that mobile data devices has always been segmented and its impossible for any single hardware design to please everyone. This could be an opportunity to Apple to increase its share by serving those customers by giving more importance to value propositions for their products which is again a part of business model and at the same time its an opportunity for its competitors to steal that share by addressing segments Apple failed in( (The Apple iPhone:Successes and Challenges for the Mobile Industry, 2008). Apple corporation itself has many problems but loss of competitive differentiation due to its Enterprise sytem is not counted in that because of its strong brand and its distinct operating system. For many of the other computer manufacturers cost and service are more vital for their differentiation than their products but for Apple this seems to be a unusual case says (Davenport, 1998). ‘Disruptive Business Models are emblematic of our generation. Yet they remain poorly understood, even as they transform competitive landscapes across industries (Osterwalder Yves, 2009). Conclusion: According to Sankar Dhinu, Apples senior manager of Emerging Technology, to be competitive in worlds high tech industry, one should make use of the facilities like available economic advantage of the manufacturing and distribution and Apple success goes with its interaction with dozens of trading partners , starting from resellers to distributors and OEM manufacturers which in turn helped it to form a global supply chain. Due to increased competition Apple is also facing many pressures and already working towards less limitation and freer access of digital music. Thus majors themselves are getting involved in those changes and Apples CEO Steve Jobs has called for an end to DRM because they make use of downloaded and recorded music very inconvenient and cumbersome for the consumer.( (Koster, 2007) Biblography: Amberg, M., Manuela, S. ANALYSIS OF E-BUSINESS MODELS FOR DIGITAL MEDIA . (2006). Apple Computer. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Apple_Partners_with_Airlines_for_iPod_Integration. (2006, November 14). Retrieved December 1, 2009, from www.digg.com: http://digg.com/apple/Apple_Partners_with_Airlines_for_iPod_Integration Cusumano, M. (2008). Technology Strategy and Management, The Puzzle of Apple. DATAMONITOR. (2009). Apple Inc. Company Profile. Davenport, T. H. (1998). Putting the Enterprise into the Enterprise System. Harvard Business Review OnPoint . Everything Apple means everything just works. (n.d.). Retrieved december 1, 2009, from www.images.apple.com: http://images.apple.com/education/leaders-administrators/the-apple-ecosystem.html Goldman, R., Gabriel, R. P. (2005). INNOVATION HAPPENS EVERYWHERE. In R. Goldman, R. P. Gabriel, Open source as business strategy (pp. 3-5). San Francisco: Morgan kaufmann. Iansiti, M., Levien, R. (2004). Strategy as Ecolgy. Harvard Business review. Iansiti, M., Richards, G. L. (2005). Information Technology Ecosystem Health and Performance. Johnson, B. (2009, January 6). Apple drops DRM copy protection from millions of iTunes songs. Retrieved from www.gaurdian.co.uk: http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/jan/06/apple-drops-itunes-copy-protection Koster, A. (2007). Music Industry: Toward A New Business Model? Journal of Business and Economic Research . Li, Y.-R., Chang, Y. Is the success of iPod Purely Accidental or Inevitable A Business Ecolgy Perspective. Osterwalder, A., Yves, P. (2009). Business Model Generation. Self Published. Pearlson, k. E., Saunders, C. S. (2009). Strategic management of Information Systems. In k. E. Pearlson, C. S. Saunders, Strategic management of Information Systems (p. 25). John Wiley and sons. Rappa, M. (2009). BUSINESS MODELS ON THE WEB. MANAGNG THE DIGITAL ENTERPRISE . Richard D, F., Vohr, J. (1998). APPLE COMPUTER, INC. Rothman, W. (2007, september 5). Apple partners with Starbucks for free WiFi Access to iTunes Music Store. Retrieved december 1, 2009, from www.gizmodo.com: http://gizmodo.com/296696/apple-partners-with-starbucks-for-free-wi+fi-access-to-itunes-music-store Schonfeld, E. (2009, January 6). iTunes sells 6 billions songs , and other fun stats from the Philnote. Retrieved from www.techcrunch.com: http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/01/06/itunes-sells-6-billion-songs-and-other-fun-stats-from-the-philnote/ Swenson, M., Golden, J. B. (2005). Apple and Life science research : Enabling Technologies. Life Science Insights, an IDC company. (2008). The Apple iPhone:Successes and Challenges for the Mobile Industry. (2004). The iTunes music store: does competition law hold the key to closed shop? Vitalari, N. (2009, August 10). Apple and the Rise of Competitive Business Platforms What Other Companies Must Know. Retrieved from www.wikinomics.com: http://www.wikinomics.com/blog/index.php/2009/08/10/apple-and-the-rise-of-competitive-business-platforms-what-other-companies-must-know/ West, J., Mace, M. (2007). ENTERING A MATURE INDUSTRY THROUGH INNOVATION: APPLES IPHONE STRATEGY. Williard, C. (2005). Apple worms its way into the music industry.